Technical Description of OBD-II Trouble Code
Malfunction in the Fuel Level Sensor Circuit
What does that signify?
This generic powertrain/engine diagnostic trouble code typically applies to all OBDII equipped engines, but is more commonly found in certain Chrysler, GM, Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Kia, Mazda, Mercedes Benz, Infiniti, Nissan, and Subaru vehicles.
The Fuel Level Sensor (FLS) is typically located in the fuel tank, usually in the top of the fuel tank / fuel pump module. The FLS converts the mechanical fuel level into an electrical signal for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). Usually, the PCM will then inform other controllers using the vehicle’s data communication bus.
The PCM receives this voltage signal to determine the amount of fuel in the fuel tank, monitoring fuel usage and thereby determining fuel economy. This code is set if this input does not match the normal operating voltages stored in the PCM’s memory. It also examines the voltage signal from the FLS sensor to determine if it is correct at initial Key On.
P0460 could have been set due to mechanical (incorrect fuel level rationality; refueling the vehicle with the ignition switch “on” or even engine running can cause this. Fuel level changes too rapidly which is not normal) or electrical (FLS sensor circuit) issues. These should not be overlooked during the troubleshooting stage, especially when dealing with an intermittent problem.
Troubleshooting steps may vary depending on the manufacturer, type of FLS sensor, and wire colors.
Related fuel level sensor circuit trouble codes include:
Severity & Symptoms
The severity depends on the type of failure. If it is a mechanical failure, it is severe. If it is an electrical failure, it is not as severe, as the PCM can compensate for it. The compensation usually means that the fuel gauge always reads Empty or Full.
Symptoms of a P0460 engine code may include:
Potential Causes
Typically, the causes for this code to set are:
Diagnostic and Repair Procedures
A good starting point is always a technical service bulletin (TSB) search for your particular vehicle. The vehicle manufacturer may have a PCM flash/reprogram to address this issue, and it is advisable to check on this before proceeding.
A good example of this is on Ford products where an aftermarket remote start system has been installed. It can cause a false code to be set. There is a TSB covering this subject and it should be followed in order to properly diagnose this condition. Auxiliary fuel tanks are also covered in this TSB. Gravity feed tanks are not recommended for use on these systems and when refueling Ford trucks. It is recommended to refuel the main tanks with the ignition switch in the off position.
Next, locate the Fuel Level Sensor (FLS) on your particular vehicle. This sensor is usually found mounted in the fuel tank or possibly even in the top of the fuel tank / fuel pump module. Once located, visually inspect the connector and wiring. Look for scraping, rubbing, bare wires, burn spots, or melted plastic. Pull the connector apart and carefully inspect the terminals (the metal parts) inside the connector. See if they look burned or have a green tint indicating corrosion. Use electrical contact cleaner and a plastic bristle brush if cleaning of the terminals is needed. Let dry and apply electrical grease where the terminals contact.
If you have a scan tool, clear the diagnostic trouble codes from memory, and see if the P0460 code returns. If it does not, then the connections were most likely the problem.
This is the most common area of concern for this code, as the fuel tank connections have the greatest number of issues with corrosion.
If the P0460 code does return, we will need to test the FLS sensor and its associated circuits. With the Key Off, disconnect the electrical connector at the FLS sensor. Connect a Digital Voltmeter (DVOM) black lead to the ground or low reference terminal at the FLS sensor wiring harness connector. Connect the red lead of the Digital Voltmeter to the signal terminal at the FLS sensor wiring harness connector. Turn Key On Engine Off. Check the manufacturer’s specifications; the voltmeter should read either 12 volts or 5 volts. If the voltage is incorrect, repair the power or ground wire, or replace the PCM.
If the prior test passed, connect one lead of an ohmmeter to the signal terminal at the sensor and the other lead to the ground or low reference terminal at the sensor. The ohmmeter reading should not be zero ohms nor should it be infinite. Check the manufacturer’s specifications on the resistance of the sensor to accurately test the resistance to fuel level (1/2 tank of fuel might read 80 ohms). If the ohmmeter readings do not pass, replace the FLS.
If all prior tests have passed and you continue to get a P0460, this would most likely indicate a failed FLS sensor, although a failed PCM could not be ruled out until the FLS sensor had been replaced. If unsure, seek assistance from a trained automotive diagnostician. PCMs must be programmed, or calibrated to the vehicle in order to be installed correctly.
