Technical Description of OBD-II Trouble Code
Range/Performance Issue with Catalyst Temperature Sensor (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
What does that signify?
This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is a generic powertrain code that applies to OBD-II equipped vehicles with a catalyst temperature sensor (Subaru, Ford, Chevy, Jeep, Nissan, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Dodge, etc.). While it is a generic code, the specific repair steps may vary depending on the make and model of the vehicle.
The catalytic converter is a crucial component of a vehicle’s emissions equipment. It facilitates a chemical reaction in which exhaust gases are converted into harmless water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), effectively reducing carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Converter efficiency is monitored by two oxygen sensors: one located upstream from the converter and one located downstream. By comparing the signals from these oxygen sensors (O2), the powertrain control module (PCM) can determine if the catalytic converter is functioning correctly. A standard zirconium prealyst O2 sensor will rapidly switch its output signal between approximately 0.1 and 0.9 volts. A reading of 0.1 volts indicates a lean air/fuel mixture, while 0.9 volts indicates a rich mixture. If the converter is operating properly, the downstream sensor should consistently read around 0.45 volts.
Catalytic converter efficiency and temperature are closely related. If the converter is functioning correctly, the outlet temperature should be slightly higher than the inlet temperature. The old rule of thumb was a temperature difference of 100 degrees Fahrenheit, but many modern vehicles may not exhibit such a significant discrepancy.
There is no actual “catalyst temperature sensor.” The codes mentioned in this article are referring to the oxygen sensor. The “bank 2” portion of the code indicates that the issue is with the second bank of the engine, which does not include cylinder #1. “Sensor 1” refers to the sensor located upstream of the catalytic converter.
Trouble code P0436 is triggered when the PCM detects a malfunction with the catalyst temperature sensor.
Other related diagnostic codes include:
Code Severity & Symptoms
This code has a moderate severity level. Symptoms of a P0436 engine code may include:
Causes
Possible causes for this P0436 code include:
Diagnostic and Repair Procedures
Begin by visually inspecting the upstream oxygen sensor and its corresponding wiring. Look for loose connections, damaged wiring, etc. Additionally, visually and audibly check for exhaust leaks, as they can cause a false oxygen sensor code. If any damage is found, repair it as necessary, clear the code, and monitor if it reappears.
Next, check for any technical service bulletins (TSBs) related to this issue. If no relevant TSBs are found, proceed with step-by-step diagnosis of the system. The following procedure is a general guideline, as testing for this code can vary between vehicles. For accurate testing, refer to a diagnostic flow chart specific to the vehicle’s make and model.
Check for other DTCs
Oxygen sensor codes are often triggered by engine performance problems that result in an imbalanced air/fuel mixture. If there are other DTCs stored, address those first before proceeding with oxygen sensor diagnosis.
Check Sensor Operation
The best way to do this is by using a scan tool or, ideally, an oscilloscope. Since most individuals do not have access to a scope, we will cover oxygen sensor diagnosis using a scan tool. Connect the scan tool to the OBD port under the dash. Turn on the scan tool and select the Bank 2 Sensor 1 voltage parameter from the data list. Bring the engine up to operating temperature and observe the sensor’s operation on the scan tool in graph mode. The sensor should rapidly switch between rich and lean (0.1 volts and 0.9 volts). If the sensor response is sluggish, it is likely faulty and should be replaced.
If the sensor consistently reads above 0.55 volts, it could indicate a failed sensor, a too-rich air/fuel mixture, or an open in the sensor signal circuit. If the sensor consistently reads above 0.35 volts, it could indicate a failed sensor, a too-lean air/fuel mixture, or high resistance or a short in the signal wire to the PCM.
Check the circuit
Oxygen sensors generate their own voltage signal, which is sent back to the PCM. Before proceeding, consult the factory wiring diagrams to determine the wire connections. Autozone offers free online repair manuals for many vehicles, and ALLDATADIY offers single vehicle subscriptions. To check for continuity between the sensor and PCM, turn the ignition key to the “off” position and disconnect the O2 sensor connector. Use a digital multimeter set to ohms (with the ignition off) to measure continuity between the O2 sensor signal terminal on the PCM and the signal wire. If the meter reads “OL” (out of limits), there is an open circuit between the PCM and sensor that needs to be located and repaired. If the meter displays a numeric value, there is continuity.
Next, check the ground side of the circuit. Turn the ignition key to the “off” position and disconnect the O2 sensor connector. Use a digital multimeter set to ohms (with the ignition off) to measure continuity between the O2 sensor connector ground terminal (harness side) and chassis ground. If the meter reads “OL” (out of limits), there is an open circuit on the ground side that needs to be located and repaired. If the meter displays a numeric value, there is continuity to ground.
Finally, check that the PCM is properly processing the O2 sensor signal. Leave all the connectors attached and insert a back-probe meter lead into the signal terminal at the PCM. Set the digital multimeter to the DC volts setting. With the engine warmed up, compare the voltage reading on the meter to that on the scan tool. If the two readings do not match, the PCM is likely faulty or requires reprogramming.
