Technical Description
Error in Check Sum of Internal Control Module Memory
What does that mean?
This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is a generic powertrain code, which indicates that it is applicable to vehicles equipped with OBD-II. Although it is a generic code, the specific repair steps may vary depending on the make and model of the vehicle.
In simple terms, this means that there is a fault within the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). There have been numerous reported instances of PCM failures in Chrysler/Dodge products, although this issue can potentially occur in any vehicle.
In Dodge/Chrysler products, a P0601 trouble code signifies that there has been a failure in serial communication within the computer at least 6 times.
Other trouble codes related to internal control module errors include:
Photo of a PCM with the cover removed:

Symptoms
Typically, there will be no discernible symptoms for the driver, apart from the illuminated Check Engine Light. The engine usually runs fine and the gauges work properly.
Causes
In most cases, a P0601 code indicates a faulty PCM. This could be due to a short-circuit within the PCM or if the wires/connector are disconnected from the PCM while the battery is still connected.
Possible Solutions
The most common solution for a P0601 OBD-II trouble code is to replace and reprogram the PCM. In some cases, the dealer may be able to reflash the PCM to resolve the issue. However, it is more likely that the PCM will need to be replaced and reprogrammed (we recommend taking it to a dealership for this). The good news is that it *may* be covered under your emissions warranty. Therefore, even if your vehicle is no longer covered by the bumper-to-bumper warranty or powertrain warranty, it is worth checking your warranty guide or consulting with the dealer to see if this issue is covered.
Some individuals have reported clearing the code only for it to reappear repeatedly. It is important to note that while most shops can replace the PCM, not all of them can program it.
Source: Dakota Forums
Other PCM / ECM Codes: P0600, P0602, P0603, P0604, P0605, P0606, P0607, P0608, P0609, P0610.