Technical Description of OBD-II Trouble Code
Generic: Low Engine Oil Pressure Sensor/Switch
Chrysler: Low Input Conditions for Oil Pressure Sensor
GM: Low Input Conditions for Engine Oil Pressure Sensor Circuit
This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is a generic OBD-II powertrain code. It is considered generic because it applies to all makes and models of vehicles (1996-newer), although specific repair steps may vary depending on the model. In our experience, the P0522 engine code appears more frequently on Chevrolet, Dodge, GMC, Cadillac, and Buick, but it applies to any make/model.
What does that mean?
The vehicle’s main computer, known as the Powertrain Control Module (PCM), controls many sensors, controls, and electronics in the vehicle. One of these sensors, called the oil pressure sensor or sender, detects the amount of mechanical oil pressure in the engine and relays that information as a voltage reading/value to the PCM. In some vehicles, this oil pressure value is then displayed on a gauge in the instrument cluster to show the driver the oil pressure. In other cases, there may be a warning light instead of a gauge if there is a problem.
This specific P0522 engine code is triggered when the PCM detects a value that is too low in the engine oil pressure sender/sensor. If the engine oil pressure actually drops too low, it can cause permanent damage to the engine. Therefore, if you notice low oil pressure, it is crucial that you pull over and safely shut off the vehicle as soon as possible. In most cases, the cause of this trouble code is related to an electrical issue.
Note: This code is severe, and immediate action is required for diagnosis and repair. This code is related to P0520, P0521, P0523, and P0524.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a P0522 DTC may include:
Causes
Potential causes of a P0522 code include:
Diagnostic & Repair Steps
NOTE: There is a known service bulletin that applies to a number of GM vehicles, including Chevrolet, Cadillac, GMC, Pontiac, Buick, and Saab. The bulletin number is PIP4786.
Check for any applicable TSBs (Technical Service Bulletins) for your vehicle, even if it’s not one of the mentioned models, before proceeding with diagnostics. There is also a TSB for certain 2011 model year Chrysler & Dodge vehicles where the fix is to reprogram the PCM.
First, especially if you have other oil-related DTCs, check the oil level and condition. Ensure that you have the correct type and weight of oil and that the oil filter is not clogged.
Visually inspect the wiring and connectors at the oil pressure sending unit. Look for broken or frayed wires, burnt spots, loose or exposed wiring, etc. Refer to a model-specific resource to locate the sender. Do the same for the wiring and connectors leading to the PCM.
Use a digital volt ohm meter (DVOM) to check the sensor itself. If it does not meet the manufacturer’s specifications, you should replace it. This is a 5-volt circuit. Replacing the sensor/sender is likely the most appropriate repair for this code. If it checks out OK, test the wiring and connectors from the sensor to the PCM. Verify that there are no breaks in the wiring or a short to ground due to chafing, pinching, etc. Ensure that the electrical connectors are tight and free of corrosion.
A technician may also use a mechanical oil pressure gauge to verify the actual oil pressure and compare it to the sensor reading using an advanced scan tool. If your problem is not resolved by fixing/replacing wiring/sensor, then check the actual pressure in the engine.
As you can see, there are several possible reasons for the P0522 code. If the sending unit is inexpensive, you could try replacing it first to see if that resolves the issue. However, a proper diagnosis is highly recommended to avoid replacing perfectly good parts. Good luck, and if you need assistance, feel free to visit our car repair forum.
